Geography Ncert Notes Class (6-12) For UPSC 2024 [PDF]

Geography Ncert Notes Class (6-12) contains – Edition = 2023-24, Pages = 180, Format = Pdf, Get free updated notes under = 3 Months. Buy All in One combo and Get More Discount & Benefits = Click Here

|| Content of Geography Ncert Notes ||

Class: 6 – The Earth: Our Habitat

1. Chapter: 1 – The Earth in the Solar System
2. Chapter: 2 – Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes
3. Chapter: 3 – Motions of the Earth
4. Chapter: 4 – Maps
5. Chapter: 5 – Major Domains of the Earth
6. Chapter: 6 – Our Country – India

Class: 7 – Our Environment

1. Chapter: 1 – Environment
2. Chapter: 2 – Inside Our Earth
3. Chapter: 3 – Our Changing Earth
4. Chapter: 4 – Air
5. Chapter: 5 – Water
6. Chapter: 6 – Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and SUbtropical Region
7. Chapter: 7 – Life in the Deserts

Class: 8 – Resources and Development

1. Chapter: 1 – Resources
2. Chapter: 2 – Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation, and Wildlife Resources
3. Chapter: 3 – Agriculture
4. Chapter: 4 – Industries
5. Chapter: 5 – Human Resources

Class: 9 – Contemporary India – I

1. Chapter: 1 – India – Size and Location
2. Chapter: 2 – Physical Features of India
3. Chapter: 3 – Drainage
4. Chapter: 4 – Climate
5. Chapter: 5 – Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
6. Chapter: 6 – Population

Class: 10 – Contemporary India – II

1. Chapter: 1 – Resources and Development
2. Chapter: 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources
3. Chapter: 3 – Water Resources
4. Chapter: 4 – Agriculture
5. Chapter: 5 – Minerals and Energy Resources
6. Chapter: 6 – Manufacturing Industries
7. Chapter: 7 – Lifelines of the National Economy

Class: 11 – Fundamentals of Physical Geography

1. Chapter: 1 – Geography as a Discipline
2. Chapter: 2 – The Origin and Evolution of the Earth
3. Chapter: 3 – Interior of the Earth
4. Chapter: 4 – Distribution of Oceans and Continents
5. Chapter: 5 – Geomorphic Processes
6. Chapter: 6 – Landforms and Their Evolution
7. Chapter: 7 – Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
8. Chapter: 8 – Solar Radiation, Heat Balance, and Temperature
9. Chapter: 9 – Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems
10. Chapter: 10- Water in the Atmosphere
11. Chapter: 11 – World Climate and Climate Change
12. Chapter 12 – Water (Oceans)
13. Chapter: 13 – Movements of Ocean Water
14. Chapter: 14 – Biodiversity and Conservation

Class: 11 – India Physical Environment

1. Chapter: 1 – India– Location
2. Chapter: 2 – Structure and Physiograph
3. Chapter: 3 – Drainage System
4. Chapter: 4 – Climate
5. Chapter: 5 – Natural Vegetation
6. Chapter: 6 – Natural Hazards and Disasters

Class: 12 – India People and Economy

1. Chapter: 1 – Population: Distribution, Density, Growth, and Composition
2. Chapter: 2 – Human Settlements
3. Chapter: 3 – Land Resources and Agriculture
4. Chapter: 4 – Water Resources
5. Chapter: 5 – Mineral And Energy Resources
6. Chapter: 6 – Planning and Sustainable Development in the Indian Context
7. Chapter: 7 – Transport and Communication
8. Chapter: 8 – International Trade
9. Chapter: 9 – Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

Class: 12 – Fundamentals of Human Geography

1. Chapter: 2 – The World Population: Distribution, Density, and Growth
2. Chapter: 3 – Human Development
3. Chapter: 4 – Primary Activities
4. Chapter: 5 – Secondary Activities
5. Chapter: 6 – Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
6. Chapter: 9 – International Trade

|| Class: 6 – The Earth: Our Habitat | Geography Ncert Notes||

Chapter: 1 – The Earth in the Solar System

1. The Solar System

Chapter: 2 – Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes

1. Significant Parallels of Latitude what are Longitudes?
2. Longitude and Time
3. Why Do We Have Standard Time?

Chapter: 3 – Motions of the Earth

Chapter: 4 – Maps

1. Physical Maps
2. Political Maps
3. Thematic Maps
4. Distance
5. Direction
6. Symbols
7. Conventional Symbols Sketch
8. Plan

Chapter: 5 – Major Domains of the Earth

1. Lithosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Atmosphere
4. Biosphere – The Domain of Life

Chapter: 6 – Our Country – India

1. Locational Settings
2. India’s Neighbours
3. Political and Administration Divisions
4. Physical Divisions

|| Class: 7 – Our Environment | Geography Ncert Notes ||

Chapter: 1 – Environment

1. Natural Environment
2. Ecosystem
3. Human Environment

Chapter: 2 – Inside Our Earth

1. Interior of the Earth
2. Rocks and Minerals

Chapter: 3 – Our Changing Earth

1. Major Land Forms

Chapter: 4 – Air

1. Composition of the Atmosphere
2. Structure of the Atmosphere
3. Weather and Climate

Chapter: 5 – Water

1. Distribution of Water Bodies
2. Ocean Circulation
3. Ocean Currents

Chapter: 6 – Human Environment-Settlement, Transport, and Communication

1. Transport
2. Roadways
3. Railways
4. Waterways
5. Airways
6. Communication

Chapter: 7 – Life in the Deserts

1. The Hot Desert – Sahara
2. The Cold Desert – Ladakh

|| Class: 8 – Resources and Development | Geography Ncert Notes ||

Chapter: 1 – Resources

1. Types of Resources:
2. Conserving Resources

Chapter: 2 – Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation, and Wildlife Resources

1. Land
2. Land Use
3. Conservation of Land Resources
4. Soil
5. Factors of Soil Formation
6. Degradation of Soil and Conservation Measures:
7. Water
8. The problem of Water Availability
9. Conservation of Water Resources
10. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
11. Distribution of Natural Vegetation
12. Conservation of Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Chapter: 3 – Agriculture

1. Farm System
2. Type of Farming
3. Agriculture Development

Chapter: 4 – Industries

1. Factors Affecting the Location of Industries
2. Distribution of Major Industries

Chapter: 5 – Human Resources

1. Distribution of Population
2. Density of Population
3. Factors Affecting the Distribution of Population
4. Population Change
5. A pattern of Population Change
6. Population Composition

|| Class: 9 – Contemporary India – I | Geography Ncert Notes ||

Chapter: 1 – India – Size and Location

1. Location
2. Size
3. India and the World
4. India’s Neighbours

Chapter: 2 – Physical Features of India

1. Major Physiographic Divisions

Chapter: 3 – Drainage

1. Drainage Systems in India
2. The Himalayan Rivers
3. The Peninsular Rivers
4. Lakes
5. Role of Rivers in the Economy
6. River Pollution

Chapter: 4 – Climate

1. Climatic Controls
2. Factors Affecting India’s Climate
3. The Indian Monsoon
4. The Onset of the Monsoon and Withdrawal
5. The Seasons
6. Distribution of Rainfall
7. Monsoon as a Unifying Bond

Chapter: 5 – Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

1. Relief
2. Climate
3. Types of Vegetation
4. Wildlife

Chapter: 6 – Population

1. Population Size and Distribution
2. Population Growth and Processes of Population Change

|| Class: 10 – Contemporary India – II | Geography Ncert Notes ||

Chapter: 1 – Resources and Development

1. Classification of Resources
2. Development of Resources
3. Resource Planning
4. Land Resources
5. Land Use Pattern in India
6. Land Degradation and Conservation Measures
7. Soil as a Resource
8. Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation

Chapter: 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources

1. Flora and Fauna in India
2. What Are The Negative Factors That Cause Such Fearful Depletion of The Flora And Fauna?
3. Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
4. Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources
5. Community and Conservation

Chapter: 3 – Water Resources

1. Water Scarcity and the Need for Water Conservation and Management
2. Multi-Purpose River Projects and Integrated Water Resources Management
3. Rainwater Harvesting

Chapter 4 – Agriculture

1. Types of Farming
2. Cropping Pattern
3. Technological and Institutional Reforms
4. Some Initiatives Taken By the Government Are
5. Contribution of Agriculture to the National Economy, Employment, and Output

Chapter: 5 – Minerals and Energy Resources

1. What Is a Mineral?
2. Mode of Occurrence of Minerals
3. Conservation of Minerals
4. Energy Resources
5. Conservation Of Energy Resources

Chapter: 6 – Manufacturing Industries

1. Importance of Manufacturing
2. Contribution of Industry to the National Economy
3. Classification of Industries
4. Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation

Chapter 7 – Lifelines of the National Economy

1. Transport
2. International Trade
3. Tourism as a Trade

|| Class: 11 – Fundamentals of Physical Geography | Geography Ncert Notes ||

Chapter: 1 – Geography as a Discipline

1. What Is Geography?
2. Branches of Geography

Chapter: 2 – The Origin and Evolution of the Earth

1. Early Theories
2. Modern Theories
3. Our Solar System
4. Evolution of the Earth

Chapter: 3 – Interior of the Earth

1. Sources of Information about the Interior
2. Earthquake
3. Effects of Earthquake
4. Structure of the Earth
5. Volcanoes and Volcanic Landforms
6. Volcanic Landforms

Chapter: 4 – Distribution of Oceans and Continents

1. Continental Drift
2. Evidence in Support of the Continental Drift
3. Force for Drifting
4. Post-Drift Studies
5. Ocean Floor Configuration
6. Distribution of Earthquakes and Volcanoes
7. Concept of Sea Floor Spreading
8. Plate Tectonics
9. Movement of the Indian Plate

Chapter: 5 – Geomorphic Processes

1. Geomorphic Processes
2. Endogenic Processes
3. Exogenic Processes
4. Weathering
5. Biological Activity and Weathering
6. Significance of Weathering
7. Mass Movements
8. Soil Formation
9. Running Water
10. Erosional Landforms
11. Depositional Landforms
12. Groundwater
13. Erosional Landforms
14. Glaciers
15. Erosional Landforms
16. Waves and Currents
17. High Rocky Coasts
18. Low Sedimentary Coasts
19. Erosional Landforms
20. Depositional Landforms
21. Winds
22. Erosional Landforms

Chapter: 6 – Landforms and Their Evolution

Chapter: 7 – Composition and Structure of Atmosphere

1. Composition of the Atmosphere
2. Structure of the Atmosphere

Chapter: 8 – Solar Radiation, Heat Balance, and Temperature

1. Solar Radiation
2. Heating and Cooling Of the Atmosphere
3. Temperature
4. Inversion of Temperature

Chapter: 9 – Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems

1. Atmospheric Pressure
2. General Circulation of the Atmosphere

Chapter: 10 – Water in the Atmosphere

1. Evaporation and Condensation
2. Types of Rainfall

Chapter: 11 – World Climate and Climate Change

1. Koeppe N’S Scheme of Classification of Climate
2. Climate Change

Chapter: 12 – Water (Oceans)

1. Hydrological Cycle
2. Relief of the Ocean Floor
3. Divisions of the Ocean Floors
4. Minor Relief Features
5. The temperature of Ocean Waters
6. The salinity of Ocean Waters
7. Horizontal Distribution of Salinity

Chapter: 13 – Movements of Ocean Water

1. Waves
2. Tides
3. Ocean Currents

Chapter: 14 – Biodiversity and Conservation

1. Importance of Biodiversity
2. Loss of Biodiversity
3. Conservation of Biodiversity

|| Class: 11 – India Physical Environment | Geography Ncert Notes||

Chapter: 1 – India– Location

1. Size
2. India and Its Neighbours

Chapter: 2 – Structure and Physiograph

1. The Peninsular Block
2. The Himalayas and Other Peninsular Mountains
3. Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain
4. Physiography

Chapter: 3 – Drainage System

1. The Himalayan Drainage
2. The River Systems of the Himalayan Drainage
3. The Peninsular Drainage System

Chapter: 4 – Climate

1. Factors Determining the Climate of India
2. The Nature of the Indian Monsoon
3. The Rhythm of Seasons
4. The Southwest Monsoon Season
5. Distribution of Rainfall

Chapter: 5 – Natural Vegetation

1. Types of Forests
2. Forest Cover in India
3. Forest Conservation
4. Wildlife
5. Biosphere Reserves

Chapter: 6 – Natural Hazards and Disasters

1. Classification of Natural Disasters
2. Natural Disasters and Hazards in India
3. Disaster Management

|| Class: 12 – India People and Economy | Geography Ncert Notes ||

Chapter: 1 – Population: Distribution, Density, Growth, And Composition

1. Distribution of Population
2. Density of Population
3. Growth of Population
4. Regional Variation in Population Growth
5. Population Composition

Chapter: 2 – Human Settlements

1. Types of Rural Settlement
2. Urbanization in India

Chapter: 3 – Land Resources and Agriculture

1. Land Use Categories
2. Land-Use Changes in India
3. Common Property Resources
4. Agricultural Land Use in India
5. Types of Farming
6. Food Grains
7. Fibre Crops
8. Other Crops
9. Agricultural Development in India

Chapter: 4 – Water Resources

1. Water Resources of India
2. Water Demand and Utilisation
3. The demand for Water for Irrigation
4. Deterioration of Water Quality
5. Watershed Management
6. Rainwater Harvesting

Chapter: 5 – Mineral and Energy Resources

1. Types of Mineral Resources
2. Distribution of Minerals in India
3. Classification
4. Energy Resources
5. Non-Conventional Energy Sources
6. Conservation of Mineral Resources

Chapter: 6 – Planning and Sustainable Development in the Indian Context

1. Sustainable Development

Chapter: 7 – Transport and Communication

1. Land Transport
2. Water Transport
3. Air Transportation
4. Oil and Gas Pipelines
5. Communication Networks

Chapter: 8 – International Trade

1. Changing Patterns of the Composition of India’s Import
2. Sea Ports as Gateways of International Trade

Chapter: 9 – Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

1. Environmental Pollution
2. Types and Sources of Pollution
3. Urban Waste Disposal
4. Problems of Slums
5. Land Degradation

|| Class: 12 – Fundamentals of Human Geography | Geography Ncert Notes ||

Chapter: 2 – The World Population: Distribution, Density, And Growth

1. Patterns of Population Distribution in the World
2. Density of Population
3. Factors Influencing the Distribution of Population
4. Population Growth
5. Trends in Population Growth
6. Doubling Time of World Population
7. Spatial Pattern of Population Change
8. Impact of Population Change
9. Demographic Transition
10. Population Control Measures

Chapter: 3 – Human Development

1. Growth and Development
2. The Four Pillars of Human Development
3. Approaches to Human Development
4. Measuring Human Development
5. International Comparisons

Chapter: 4 – Primary Activities

1. Hunting and Gathering
2. Pastoralism
3. Agriculture
4. Mining

Chapter: 5 – Secondary Activities

1. Manufacturing
2. Household Industries or Cottage Manufacturing
3. Industries Based on Ownership

Chapter: 6 – Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

1. Types of Tertiary Activities
2. People Engaged In Tertiary Activities
3. Some Selected Examples
4. Quaternary Activities
5. Quinary Sector
6. The Digital Divide

Chapter: 9 – International Trade

1. History of International Trade
2. Essential Aspects of International Trade
3. Case for Free Trade
4. Gateways of International Trade

|| Brief Introduction of Geography Ncert Notes Class (6-12) ||

NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) is an autonomous organization set up by the Government of India to assist and advise the Central and State Governments on policies and programs for qualitative improvement in school education. NCERT publishes textbooks for school education in India, including those for geography.

The geography textbooks for classes 6 to 12 cover various aspects of physical geography, human geography, and environmental geography, tailored to the understanding level of students at each stage of their schooling. These textbooks are designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject, starting from basic concepts in lower classes to more advanced topics in higher classes.

Each NCERT geography textbook follows a structured approach, with chapters covering different topics such as:

1. Introduction to Geography
2. Earth and its Structure
3. Our Changing Earth
4. Weather, Climate, and Adaptations of Animals to Climate
5. Agriculture
6. Manufacturing Industries
7. Human Environment – Settlement, Transport, and Communication
8. Resources and Development
9. Population
10. Lifelines of National Economy
11. Water Resources
12. Mineral and Energy Resources
13. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
14. Environment

Geography Ncert Notes Class 6 to 12 Pdf can provide concise summaries of each chapter, key concepts, important diagrams, and maps. These notes are helpful for quick revision before exams and serve as a handy reference for understanding complex topics.

Students can use Geography Ncert Notes for UPSC Pdf supplement their learning, enhance understanding, and prepare effectively for exams. Additionally, teachers often use these notes as teaching aids to explain concepts more clearly and comprehensively.